当事猫罪行描述: 事情的经过是这样的,今天一如既往早早来到办公室,开始快乐的一天,本想着温故而知新一下,翻翻Servlet规范,看看之前的笔记, 忽然发现ServletContextListener , 想起我大哥的书中提到的一点 springBoot 的历史性意义,其中一点就包括,嵌入式(Embed)容器.
- 在springBoot之前 ,web 应用依托web容器, 依赖servlet的监听事件(Event,EventListener) 即ServletContextListener,完成web应用的初始化.
- 在springBoot时, web应用的启动流程就不再依托servlet容器,而是自发创建、选择 web容器
当然 , 我们今天的重点是SpringBoot之前,web应用是怎么启动的.
前言
前面提到过在SpringBoot之前, web应用的启动是基于servlet的回调,而其中涉及tomcat的生命周期和事件,所以有以下议题:
- JDK事件机制
- Tomcat事件机制
- Spring-web应用启动流程
- Spring事件机制
JDK中的事件机制
JDK中对事件机制的各个角色提供了完善的抽象，主要包括3个角色：
- EventObject（事件）：事件发布时需要关注的内容。jdk中提供了EventObject接口。
- EventListener（事件监听者）：事件监听对象，也就是对EventObject感兴趣的对象。jdk中提供了EventListener接口。
- EventSource（事件源,我比较喜欢称为EventPublisher 事件发布者）：发布事件的对象，可以在该对象中组册EventListener，然后在特定的条件下发布EventObject给已经注册的EventListener。
Tomcat的事件机制
事件 (LifecycleEvent)
Tomcat容器,定义了很多生命周期相关的事件. org.apache.catalina.LifecycleEvent
主要的事件在org.apache.catalina.Lifecycle
public final class LifecycleEvent extends EventObject {
//......
public LifecycleEvent(Lifecycle lifecycle, String type, Object data) {
super(lifecycle);
this.type = type;
this.data = data;
}
//......
}
public interface Lifecycle {
/**
* The LifecycleEvent type for the "component after init" event.
*/
public static final String BEFORE_INIT_EVENT = "before_init";
/**
* The LifecycleEvent type for the "component after init" event.
*/
public static final String AFTER_INIT_EVENT = "after_init";
/**
* The LifecycleEvent type for the "component start" event.
*/
public static final String START_EVENT = "start";
//......
}
事件监听者(LifecycleListener)
监听者使用LifecycleEvent参数用来在tomcat的各个阶段处理进行相应处理。org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener 有众多实现,其中org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig 这个类在解析server.xml的时候用来监听StandardContext的各个阶段的事件，并做出相应处理
public interface LifecycleListener {
public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event);
}
public class ContextConfig implements LifecycleListener {
//......
@Override
public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {
// Identify the context we are associated with
try {
context = (Context) event.getLifecycle();
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
log.error(sm.getString("contextConfig.cce", event.getLifecycle()), e);
return;
}
// Process the event that has occurred
if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.CONFIGURE_START_EVENT)) {
configureStart();
} else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT)) {
beforeStart();
} else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT)) {
// Restore docBase for management tools
if (originalDocBase != null) {
context.setDocBase(originalDocBase);
}
} else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.CONFIGURE_STOP_EVENT)) {
configureStop();
} else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.AFTER_INIT_EVENT)) {
init();
} else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.AFTER_DESTROY_EVENT)) {
destroy();
}
}
//......
}
事件发布者(LifecycleBase)
LifecycleBase 把事件管理委派给了LifecycleSupport,它是监听对象的一个管理类，它把对监听对象的添加移除以及发布事件几个操作进行了统一管理，避免EventSource类中出现太多管理监听对象的逻辑。
public abstract class LifecycleBase implements Lifecycle{
//......
private LifecycleSupport lifecycle = new LifecycleSupport(this);
@Override
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.addLifecycleListener(listener);
}
@Override
public void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.removeLifecycleListener(listener);
}
protected void fireLifecycleEvent(String type, Object data) {
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(type, data);
}
//......
}
public final class LifecycleSupport {
//......
//监听对象集合
private LifecycleListener listeners[] = new LifecycleListener[0];
private final Object listenersLock = new Object(); // Lock object for changes to listeners
//添加监听对象
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
synchronized (listenersLock) {
LifecycleListener results[] =
new LifecycleListener[listeners.length + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++)
results[i] = listeners[i];
results[listeners.length] = listener;
listeners = results;
}
}
//发布监听对象
public void fireLifecycleEvent(String type, Object data) {
LifecycleEvent event = new LifecycleEvent(lifecycle, type, data);
LifecycleListener interested[] = listeners;
for (int i = 0; i < interested.length; i++)
interested[i].lifecycleEvent(event);
}
//移除监听对象
public void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
synchronized (listenersLock) {
int n = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
if (listeners[i] == listener) {
n = i;
break;
}
}
if (n < 0)
return;
LifecycleListener results[] =
new LifecycleListener[listeners.length - 1];
int j = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
if (i != n)
results[j++] = listeners[i];
}
listeners = results;
}
}
}
Spring web应用启动流程
ContextLoaderListener
在一个spring 的web项目中, 通常需要在web.xml配置 ContextLoaderListener
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
首先看下这个类结构
可以看到继承了ContextLoader ,用来创建和初始化WebApplicationContext
同时也实现了EventListener,那么它监听的是什么事件呢,又是哪里发布的?
/**
* Initialize the root web application context.
*/
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
this.contextLoader = createContextLoader();
if (this.contextLoader == null) {
this.contextLoader = this;
}
this.contextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
可以看到是一个ServletContextEvent ,因为这里的Listener是配置在web.xml,所以它是tomcat容器的一个listener,那么事件的发布就是 LifecycleBase
ServletContextEvent
通过查看LifecycleBase的实现 ,最终发现Tomcat 具体的操作在org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext
startInternal方法
/**
* Start this component and implement the requirements
* of {@link org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase#startInternal()}.
*
* @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
* that prevents this component from being used
*/
@Override
protected synchronized void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
if(log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Starting " + getBaseName());
// Send j2ee.state.starting notification
if (this.getObjectName() != null) {
Notification notification = new Notification("j2ee.state.starting",
this.getObjectName(), sequenceNumber.getAndIncrement());
broadcaster.sendNotification(notification);
}
setConfigured(false);
boolean ok = true;
// Currently this is effectively a NO-OP but needs to be called to
// ensure the NamingResources follows the correct lifecycle
if (namingResources != null) {
namingResources.start();
}
// Add missing components as necessary
if (webappResources == null) { // (1) Required by Loader
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Configuring default Resources");
try {
String docBase = getDocBase();
if (docBase == null) {
setResources(new EmptyDirContext());
} else if (docBase.endsWith(".war")
&& !(new File(getBasePath())).isDirectory()) {
setResources(new WARDirContext());
} else {
setResources(new FileDirContext());
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.resourcesInit"), e);
ok = false;
}
}
if (ok) {
if (!resourcesStart()) {
throw new LifecycleException("Error in resourceStart()");
}
}
if (getLoader() == null) {
WebappLoader webappLoader = new WebappLoader(getParentClassLoader());
webappLoader.setDelegate(getDelegate());
setLoader(webappLoader);
}
// Initialize character set mapper
getCharsetMapper();
// Post work directory
postWorkDirectory();
// Validate required extensions
boolean dependencyCheck = true;
try {
dependencyCheck = ExtensionValidator.validateApplication
(getResources(), this);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.extensionValidationError"), ioe);
dependencyCheck = false;
}
if (!dependencyCheck) {
// do not make application available if dependency check fails
ok = false;
}
// Reading the "catalina.useNaming" environment variable
String useNamingProperty = System.getProperty("catalina.useNaming");
if ((useNamingProperty != null)
&& (useNamingProperty.equals("false"))) {
useNaming = false;
}
if (ok && isUseNaming()) {
if (getNamingContextListener() == null) {
NamingContextListener ncl = new NamingContextListener();
ncl.setName(getNamingContextName());
ncl.setExceptionOnFailedWrite(getJndiExceptionOnFailedWrite());
addLifecycleListener(ncl);
setNamingContextListener(ncl);
}
}
// Standard container startup
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Processing standard container startup");
// Binding thread
ClassLoader oldCCL = bindThread();
try {
if (ok) {
// Start our subordinate components, if any
Loader loader = getLoaderInternal();
if ((loader != null) && (loader instanceof Lifecycle))
((Lifecycle) loader).start();
// since the loader just started, the webapp classloader is now
// created.
// By calling unbindThread and bindThread in a row, we setup the
// current Thread CCL to be the webapp classloader
unbindThread(oldCCL);
oldCCL = bindThread();
// Initialize logger again. Other components might have used it
// too early, so it should be reset.
logger = null;
getLogger();
Cluster cluster = getClusterInternal();
if ((cluster != null) && (cluster instanceof Lifecycle))
((Lifecycle) cluster).start();
Realm realm = getRealmInternal();
if ((realm != null) && (realm instanceof Lifecycle))
((Lifecycle) realm).start();
DirContext resources = getResourcesInternal();
if ((resources != null) && (resources instanceof Lifecycle))
((Lifecycle) resources).start();
// Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.CONFIGURE_START_EVENT, null);
// Start our child containers, if not already started
for (Container child : findChildren()) {
if (!child.getState().isAvailable()) {
child.start();
}
}
// Start the Valves in our pipeline (including the basic),
// if any
if (pipeline instanceof Lifecycle) {
((Lifecycle) pipeline).start();
}
// Acquire clustered manager
Manager contextManager = null;
Manager manager = getManagerInternal();
if (manager == null) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("standardContext.cluster.noManager",
Boolean.valueOf((getCluster() != null)),
Boolean.valueOf(distributable)));
}
if ( (getCluster() != null) && distributable) {
try {
contextManager = getCluster().createManager(getName());
} catch (Exception ex) {
log.error("standardContext.clusterFail", ex);
ok = false;
}
} else {
contextManager = new StandardManager();
}
manager = contextManager;
}
// Configure default manager if none was specified
if (contextManager != null) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("standardContext.manager",
contextManager.getClass().getName()));
}
setManager(contextManager);
}
if (manager!=null && (getCluster() != null) && distributable) {
//let the cluster know that there is a context that is distributable
//and that it has its own manager
getCluster().registerManager(manager);
}
}
} finally {
// Unbinding thread
unbindThread(oldCCL);
}
if (!getConfigured()) {
log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.configurationFail"));
ok = false;
}
// We put the resources into the servlet context
if (ok)
getServletContext().setAttribute
(Globals.RESOURCES_ATTR, getResources());
// Initialize associated mapper
mapper.setContext(getPath(), welcomeFiles, getResources());
// Binding thread
oldCCL = bindThread();
if (ok ) {
if (getInstanceManager() == null) {
javax.naming.Context context = null;
if (isUseNaming() && getNamingContextListener() != null) {
context = getNamingContextListener().getEnvContext();
}
Map<String, Map<String, String>> injectionMap = buildInjectionMap(
getIgnoreAnnotations() ? new NamingResources(): getNamingResources());
setInstanceManager(new DefaultInstanceManager(context,
injectionMap, this, this.getClass().getClassLoader()));
getServletContext().setAttribute(
InstanceManager.class.getName(), getInstanceManager());
}
}
try {
// Create context attributes that will be required
if (ok) {
getServletContext().setAttribute(
JarScanner.class.getName(), getJarScanner());
}
// Set up the context init params
mergeParameters();
// Call ServletContainerInitializers
for (Map.Entry<ServletContainerInitializer, Set<Class<?>>> entry :
initializers.entrySet()) {
try {
entry.getKey().onStartup(entry.getValue(),
getServletContext());
} catch (ServletException e) {
log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.sciFail"), e);
ok = false;
break;
}
}
// Configure and call application event listeners
if (ok) {
if (!listenerStart()) {
log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.listenerFail"));
ok = false;
}
}
try {
// Start manager
Manager manager = getManagerInternal();
if ((manager != null) && (manager instanceof Lifecycle)) {
((Lifecycle) getManager()).start();
}
} catch(Exception e) {
log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.managerFail"), e);
ok = false;
}
// Configure and call application filters
if (ok) {
if (!filterStart()) {
log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.filterFail"));
ok = false;
}
}
// Load and initialize all "load on startup" servlets
if (ok) {
if (!loadOnStartup(findChildren())){
log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.servletFail"));
ok = false;
}
}
// Start ContainerBackgroundProcessor thread
super.threadStart();
} finally {
// Unbinding thread
unbindThread(oldCCL);
}
// Set available status depending upon startup success
if (ok) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Starting completed");
} else {
log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.startFailed", getName()));
}
startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
// Send j2ee.state.running notification
if (ok && (this.getObjectName() != null)) {
Notification notification =
new Notification("j2ee.state.running", this.getObjectName(),
sequenceNumber.getAndIncrement());
broadcaster.sendNotification(notification);
}
// Close all JARs right away to avoid always opening a peak number
// of files on startup
if (getLoader() instanceof WebappLoader) {
((WebappLoader) getLoader()).closeJARs(true);
}
// Reinitializing if something went wrong
if (!ok) {
setState(LifecycleState.FAILED);
} else {
setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
}
}
listenerStart方法
注意listenerStart ,Configure and call application event listeners 通知所有listeners
/**
* Configure the set of instantiated application event listeners
* for this Context. Return <code>true</code> if all listeners wre
* initialized successfully, or <code>false</code> otherwise.
*/
public boolean listenerStart() {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Configuring application event listeners");
// Instantiate the required listeners
ApplicationListener listeners[] = applicationListeners;
Object results[] = new Object[listeners.length];
boolean ok = true;
for (int i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled())
getLogger().debug(" Configuring event listener class '" +
listeners[i] + "'");
try {
ApplicationListener listener = listeners[i];
results[i] = getInstanceManager().newInstance(
listener.getClassName());
if (listener.isPluggabilityBlocked()) {
noPluggabilityListeners.add(results[i]);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
t = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(t);
ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
getLogger().error
(sm.getString("standardContext.applicationListener",
listeners[i].getClassName()), t);
ok = false;
}
}
if (!ok) {
getLogger().error(sm.getString("standardContext.applicationSkipped"));
return (false);
}
// Sort listeners in two arrays
ArrayList<Object> eventListeners = new ArrayList<Object>();
ArrayList<Object> lifecycleListeners = new ArrayList<Object>();
for (int i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
if ((results[i] instanceof ServletContextAttributeListener)
|| (results[i] instanceof ServletRequestAttributeListener)
|| (results[i] instanceof ServletRequestListener)
|| (results[i] instanceof HttpSessionAttributeListener)) {
eventListeners.add(results[i]);
}
if ((results[i] instanceof ServletContextListener)
|| (results[i] instanceof HttpSessionListener)) {
lifecycleListeners.add(results[i]);
}
}
// Listener instances may have been added directly to this Context by
// ServletContextInitializers and other code via the pluggability APIs.
// Put them these listeners after the ones defined in web.xml and/or
// annotations then overwrite the list of instances with the new, full
// list.
for (Object eventListener: getApplicationEventListeners()) {
eventListeners.add(eventListener);
}
setApplicationEventListeners(eventListeners.toArray());
for (Object lifecycleListener: getApplicationLifecycleListeners()) {
lifecycleListeners.add(lifecycleListener);
if (lifecycleListener instanceof ServletContextListener) {
noPluggabilityListeners.add(lifecycleListener);
}
}
setApplicationLifecycleListeners(lifecycleListeners.toArray());
// Send application start events
if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled())
getLogger().debug("Sending application start events");
// Ensure context is not null
getServletContext();
context.setNewServletContextListenerAllowed(false);
Object instances[] = getApplicationLifecycleListeners();
if (instances == null || instances.length == 0) {
return ok;
}
ServletContextEvent event = new ServletContextEvent(getServletContext());
ServletContextEvent tldEvent = null;
if (noPluggabilityListeners.size() > 0) {
noPluggabilityServletContext = new NoPluggabilityServletContext(getServletContext());
tldEvent = new ServletContextEvent(noPluggabilityServletContext);
}
for (int i = 0; i < instances.length; i++) {
if (instances[i] == null)
continue;
if (!(instances[i] instanceof ServletContextListener))
continue;
ServletContextListener listener =
(ServletContextListener) instances[i];
try {
fireContainerEvent("beforeContextInitialized", listener);
if (noPluggabilityListeners.contains(listener)) {
listener.contextInitialized(tldEvent);
} else {
listener.contextInitialized(event);
}
fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);
} catch (Throwable t) {
ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);
getLogger().error
(sm.getString("standardContext.listenerStart",
instances[i].getClass().getName()), t);
ok = false;
}
}
return (ok);
}
简单总结下,tomcat容器启动后,发出通知ServletContextEvent, ContextLoaderListener接收到后,初始化web应用
Spring的事件
ApplicationEvent
spring里面的主要实现是ApplicationEvent, 这里我们关注它的容器的事件, ApplicationContextEvent,是spring容器在启动时触发的事件对象：
ApplicationListener
@FunctionalInterface
public interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener {
/**
* Handle an application event.
* @param event the event to respond to
*/
void onApplicationEvent(E event);
}
那么在spring框架中是怎么发布这些事件的呢？
ApplicationContext
ApplicationEventPublisher
查看ApplicationContext 发现继承了ApplicationEventPublisher
public interface ApplicationContext extends EnvironmentCapable, ListableBeanFactory, HierarchicalBeanFactory,MessageSource, ApplicationEventPublisher, ResourcePatternResolver {
}
@FunctionalInterface
public interface ApplicationEventPublisher {
/**
* Notify all <strong>matching</strong> listeners registered with this
* application of an application event. Events may be framework events
* (such as RequestHandledEvent) or application-specific events.
* @param event the event to publish
* @see org.springframework.web.context.support.RequestHandledEvent
*/
default void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
publishEvent((Object) event);
}
/**
* Notify all <strong>matching</strong> listeners registered with this
* application of an event.
* <p>If the specified {@code event} is not an {@link ApplicationEvent},
* it is wrapped in a {@link PayloadApplicationEvent}.
* @param event the event to publish
* @since 4.2
* @see PayloadApplicationEvent
*/
void publishEvent(Object event);
}
AbstractApplicationContext
然后publishEvent的实现在AbstractApplicationContext 中
protected void publishEvent(Object event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");
// Decorate event as an ApplicationEvent if necessary
ApplicationEvent applicationEvent;
if (event instanceof ApplicationEvent) {
applicationEvent = (ApplicationEvent) event;
}
else {
applicationEvent = new PayloadApplicationEvent<>(this, event);
if (eventType == null) {
eventType = ((PayloadApplicationEvent) applicationEvent).getResolvableType();
}
}
// Multicast right now if possible - or lazily once the multicaster is initialized
if (this.earlyApplicationEvents != null) {
this.earlyApplicationEvents.add(applicationEvent);
}
else {
getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);
}
// Publish event via parent context as well...
if (this.parent != null) {
if (this.parent instanceof AbstractApplicationContext) {
((AbstractApplicationContext) this.parent).publishEvent(event, eventType);
}
else {
this.parent.publishEvent(event);
}
}
}
ApplicationEventMulticaster
其中调用了委派给了ApplicationEventMulticaster,具体实现在 SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster
public class SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster extends AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster {
@Override
public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
if (executor != null) {
executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event));
}
else {
invokeListener(listener, event);
}
}
}
}
至此,事件机制完事啦. (啊!信息量有点大)
其他
ClassLoader
信息量有点大,就再附赠点东西吧…. 在ContextLoader#initWebApplicationContext 方法中有关于getContextClassLoader
public class ContextLoader {
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
}
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
if (this.context == null) {
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
cwac.setParent(parent);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
}
}
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
currentContext = this.context;
}
else if (ccl != null) {
currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
}
//....
}
}
其中, ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
层次结构是WebAppClassLoader ->URLClassLoader。->AppClassLoader->ExtClassLoader->null
注意⚠️ : 其中URLClassLoader 对应的是Tomcat ClassLoader中的common (可以看之前的一篇文章哈,servlet-tomcat)
More details see:
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